Bronze age diet
Diffusion of metallurgy in Europe and Asia Minor. Modern Awash River, Ethiopia, descendant of the Palaeo-Awash, source of the sediments in which the oldest Stone Age tools have been found. Tin must be mined (mainly as the tin ore cassiterite ) and smelted separately, then added to molten copper to make bronze alloy. In Europe and North America, millstones were in use until well into the 20th century, and still are in many parts of the world. The transition out of the Stone Age occurred between 6000 BCE and 2500 BCE for much of humanity living in North Africa and Eurasia. The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use. Societies in the region laid the foundations for astronomy and mathematics. The Ancient Near East Bronze Age can be divided as follows. Copper-tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before trading in bronze began in the third millennium BC. Stone Age artifacts include tools used by modern humans and by their predecessor species in the genus Homo, and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus. An ancient civilization is defined to be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. The closest relative among the other living primates, the genus Pan, represents a branch that continued on in the deep forest, where the primates evolved. The Bronze Age was a time of extensive use of metals and of developing trade networks (See Tin sources and trade in ancient times ). The first most significant metal manufactured was bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, each of which was smelted separately. According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Mesopotamia ( cuneiform ) and Egypt ( hieroglyphs ) developed the earliest viable writing systems. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, with the Chalcolithic serving as a transition.
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. Bone tools were used during this period as well but are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The species who made the Pliocene tools remains unknown. The archetypal Bronze Age divisions of the Near East have a well-established triadic clearness of expression. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age. The Chalcolithic by convention is the initial period of the Bronze Age. The rift served as a conduit for movement into southern Africa and also north down the Nile into North Africa and through the continuation of the rift in the Levant to the vast grasslands of Asia. Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details. The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The Bronze Age in the ancient Near East began with the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC. Like pottery, the typology of the stone tools combined with the relative sequence of the types in various regions provide a chronological framework for the evolution of man and society. Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age. Bronze Age cultures differed in their development of the first writing. Innovation of the technique of smelting ore ended the Stone Age and began the Bronze Age. The Stone Age is the first of the three-age system of archaeology, which divides human technological prehistory into three periods. Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Egypt, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan. Aegean, Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubna culture, Beaker culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Hallstatt culture, Apennine culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture.
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